ado.net是.net framework的数据供应顺序，它重要有SqlConnection、SqlCommand、SqlDataAdapter、SqlDataReader和DataSet五大对象组成，组织以下图
1.SqlConnection类示意一个sql server数据库的一个衔接
衔接字符串花样平常有以下两种情势，细致参数能够参照msdn
1）Persist Security Info=False;Integrated Security=true;Initial Catalog=Northwind;server=(local)
2）Server=.;Database=demodb;User=sa;Password=123;
建立一个衔接以下
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString);
2.SqlCommand类示意数据库实行敕令对象
1）用来设置须要实行的sql剧本或存储历程、超时时候、参数和事件等。
2）建立体式格局以下
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection();
//体式格局一
conn.CreateCommand();
//体式格局二
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "select * from table" ;
cmd.Connection = conn;
3）几个重要要领
ExecuteNonQuery：对衔接实行sql语句并返回受影响行数，重要实行增、删和改操纵
ExecuteReader：实行查询返回SqlDataReader对象
ExecuteScalar：实行查询返回效果集合的第一行和第一列
3.SqlDataAdapter类用来添补DataSet和更新数据库数据敕令和数据库衔接
该类有4种组织函数以下
public SqlDataAdapter();
public SqlDataAdapter(SqlCommand selectCommand);
public SqlDataAdapter(string selectCommandText, SqlConnection selectConnection);
public SqlDataAdapter(string selectCommandText, string selectConnectionString);
4.SqlDataReader类供应一种数据流只进体式格局读取
5.DataSet类示意数据在内存中的缓存
二、ADO.NET简朴完成
下面完成一个增、删、改、查的例子
public class EasySqlHelper
{
//web.config来设置
//private static string connString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SqlConnectionString"];
private static string connString = "Server=.;Database=demodb;User=sa;Password=123;";
public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn))
{
if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
{
conn.Open();
}
return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
}
public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql)
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
SqlDataReader rdr = null;
try
{
if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
{
conn.Open();
}
rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
conn.Dispose();
cmd.Dispose();
if (rdr != null)
{
rdr.Dispose();
}
throw ex;
}
finally
{
cmd.Dispose();
}
return rdr;
}
public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string sql)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn))
{
if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
{
conn.Open();
}
SqlDataAdapter adp = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adp.Fill(ds);
return ds.Tables[0];
}
}
}
}
上面代码中运用using来确保资本开释，一切完成IDisposable接口的类都能够用using来开释，纵然在挪用对象的要领上发作非常也会开释。
三、建立差别供应顺序的数据源类实例
上面代码只对sql server有用，假如要完成差别数据库如oracle则又须要别的写一套代码，.Net供应了DbProviderFactory类来建立差别数据库实例。
同时上面5大对象也要换成DbConnection、DbCommand、DbDataReader、DbDataAdapter把细致sql server对象笼统成更细致和数据库范例无关对象。
//// <summary>
/// 衔接信息
/// </summary>
public class ConnectionInfo
{
private string _connectionString;
private string _providerName;
/// <summary>
/// 衔接字符串
/// </summary>
public string ConnectionString
{
get { return _connectionString; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 供应顺序的牢固称号
/// </summary>
public string ProviderName
{
get { return _providerName; }
}
public ConnectionInfo(string connectionString, string providerName)
{
_connectionString = connectionString;
_providerName = providerName;
}
}
public class MySqlHelper
{
private static DbProviderFactory dbProvider;
private static readonly ConnectionInfo connInfo = new ConnectionInfo("Server=.;Database=demodb;User=sa;Password=123;", "System.Data.SqlClient");
private static void GetProvider()
{
dbProvider = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(connInfo.ProviderName);
}
static MySqlHelper()
{
GetProvider();
}
public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, DbParameter[] parameters)
{
int flag = 0;
using (DbConnection conn = dbProvider.CreateConnection())
{
conn.ConnectionString = connInfo.ConnectionString;
conn.Open();
using (DbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
if (parameters != null && parameters.Length > 0)
{
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
}
flag = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
return flag;
}
public static void ExecuteReader(string sql, DbParameter[] parameters, Action<IDataReader> action)
{
IDataReader rdr = null;
using (DbConnection conn = dbProvider.CreateConnection())
{
conn.ConnectionString = connInfo.ConnectionString;
conn.Open();
using (DbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
if (parameters != null && parameters.Length > 0)
{
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
}
rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
action(rdr);
rdr.Close();
}
}
}
public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string sql, DbParameter[] parameters)
{
DataTable dt = null;
using (DbConnection conn = dbProvider.CreateConnection())
{
conn.ConnectionString = connInfo.ConnectionString;
conn.Open();
using (DbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
if (parameters != null && parameters.Length > 0)
{
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
}
IDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
dt = new DataTable();
dt.Load(rdr);
rdr.Close();
}
return dt;
}
}
}
四、别的第三方框架
有Dapper、IBatis.Net等等，能够参考进修下
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