这里主假如辨认验证码,辨认的是简朴的验证码,要想让辨认率更高,辨认的越发正确就须要花许多的精神去练习本身的字体库。
辨认验证码一般是这几个步骤:
1、灰度处置惩罚
2、二值化
3、去除边框(假如有的话)
4、降噪
5、切割字符或许倾斜度改正
6、练习字体库
7、辨认
这6个步骤中前三个步骤是基础的,4或许5可根据实际情况挑选是不是须要,并不一定切割验证码,辨认率就会上升许多有时刻还会下落
用到的几个重要的python库: Pillow(python图象处置惩罚库)、OpenCV(高等图象处置惩罚库)、pytesseract(辨认库)
下面案例使用方法:
1、将要辨认的验证码图片放入与剧本同级的img文件夹中,建立out_img文件夹
2、python3 filename
3、二值化、降噪等各个阶段的图片将存储在out_img文件夹中,终究辨认效果会打印到屏幕上
完全的二维码辨认代码:
from PIL import Image from pytesseract import * from fnmatch import fnmatch from queue import Queue import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import cv2 import time import os def clear_border(img,img_name): '''去除边框 ''' filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-clearBorder.jpg' h, w = img.shape[:2] for y in range(0, w): for x in range(0, h): # if y ==0 or y == w -1 or y == w - 2: if y < 4 or y > w -4: img[x, y] = 255 # if x == 0 or x == h - 1 or x == h - 2: if x < 4 or x > h - 4: img[x, y] = 255 cv2.imwrite(filename,img) return img def interference_line(img, img_name): ''' 滋扰线降噪 ''' filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-interferenceline.jpg' h, w = img.shape[:2] # !!!opencv矩阵点是反的 # img[1,2] 1:图片的高度,2:图片的宽度 for y in range(1, w - 1): for x in range(1, h - 1): count = 0 if img[x, y - 1] > 245: count = count + 1 if img[x, y + 1] > 245: count = count + 1 if img[x - 1, y] > 245: count = count + 1 if img[x + 1, y] > 245: count = count + 1 if count > 2: img[x, y] = 255 cv2.imwrite(filename,img) return img def interference_point(img,img_name, x = 0, y = 0): """点降噪 9邻域框,以当前点为中心的田字框,斑点个数 :param x: :param y: :return: """ filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-interferencePoint.jpg' # todo 推断图片的长宽度下限 cur_pixel = img[x,y]# 当前像素点的值 height,width = img.shape[:2] for y in range(0, width - 1): for x in range(0, height - 1): if y == 0: # 第一行 if x == 0: # 左上极点,4邻域 # 中心点旁边3个点 sum = int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y + 1]) if sum <= 2 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 elif x == height - 1: # 右上极点 sum = int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y + 1]) if sum <= 2 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 else: # 最上非极点,6邻域 sum = int(img[x - 1, y]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y + 1]) \ + int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y + 1]) if sum <= 3 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 elif y == width - 1: # 最下面一行 if x == 0: # 左下极点 # 中心点旁边3个点 sum = int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x + 1, y]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x, y - 1]) if sum <= 2 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 elif x == height - 1: # 右下极点 sum = int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) if sum <= 2 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 else: # 最下非极点,6邻域 sum = int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x - 1, y]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y]) \ + int(img[x, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) if sum <= 3 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 else: # y不在边境 if x == 0: # 左侧非极点 sum = int(img[x, y - 1]) \ + int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y + 1]) if sum <= 3 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 elif x == height - 1: # 右侧非极点 sum = int(img[x, y - 1]) \ + int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y + 1]) if sum <= 3 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 else: # 具有9范畴前提的 sum = int(img[x - 1, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y]) \ + int(img[x - 1, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x, y - 1]) \ + int(cur_pixel) \ + int(img[x, y + 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y - 1]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y]) \ + int(img[x + 1, y + 1]) if sum <= 4 * 245: img[x, y] = 0 cv2.imwrite(filename,img) return img def _get_dynamic_binary_image(filedir, img_name): ''' 自适应阀值二值化 ''' filename = './out_img/' + img_name.split('.')[0] + '-binary.jpg' img_name = filedir + '/' + img_name print('.....' + img_name) im = cv2.imread(img_name) im = cv2.cvtColor(im,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) th1 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(im, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 21, 1) cv2.imwrite(filename,th1) return th1 def _get_static_binary_image(img, threshold = 140): ''' 手动二值化 ''' img = Image.open(img) img = img.convert('L') pixdata = img.load() w, h = img.size for y in range(h): for x in range(w): if pixdata[x, y] < threshold: pixdata[x, y] = 0 else: pixdata[x, y] = 255 return img def cfs(im,x_fd,y_fd): '''用行列和鸠合纪录遍历过的像素坐标替代纯真递归以处理cfs接见过深题目 ''' # print('**********') xaxis=[] yaxis=[] visited =set() q = Queue() q.put((x_fd, y_fd)) visited.add((x_fd, y_fd)) offsets=[(1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1)]#四邻域 while not q.empty(): x,y=q.get() for xoffset,yoffset in offsets: x_neighbor,y_neighbor = x+xoffset,y+yoffset if (x_neighbor,y_neighbor) in (visited): continue # 已接见过了 visited.add((x_neighbor, y_neighbor)) try: if im[x_neighbor, y_neighbor] == 0: xaxis.append(x_neighbor) yaxis.append(y_neighbor) q.put((x_neighbor,y_neighbor)) except IndexError: pass # print(xaxis) if (len(xaxis) == 0 | len(yaxis) == 0): xmax = x_fd + 1 xmin = x_fd ymax = y_fd + 1 ymin = y_fd else: xmax = max(xaxis) xmin = min(xaxis) ymax = max(yaxis) ymin = min(yaxis) #ymin,ymax=sort(yaxis) return ymax,ymin,xmax,xmin def detectFgPix(im,xmax): '''搜刮区块出发点 ''' h,w = im.shape[:2] for y_fd in range(xmax+1,w): for x_fd in range(h): if im[x_fd,y_fd] == 0: return x_fd,y_fd def CFS(im): '''切割字符位置 ''' zoneL=[]#各区块长度L列表 zoneWB=[]#各区块的X轴[肇端,尽头]列表 zoneHB=[]#各区块的Y轴[肇端,尽头]列表 xmax=0#上一区块完毕斑点横坐标,这里是初始化 for i in range(10): try: x_fd,y_fd = detectFgPix(im,xmax) # print(y_fd,x_fd) xmax,xmin,ymax,ymin=cfs(im,x_fd,y_fd) L = xmax - xmin H = ymax - ymin zoneL.append(L) zoneWB.append([xmin,xmax]) zoneHB.append([ymin,ymax]) except TypeError: return zoneL,zoneWB,zoneHB return zoneL,zoneWB,zoneHB def cutting_img(im,im_position,img,xoffset = 1,yoffset = 1): filename = './out_img/' + img.split('.')[0] # 辨认出的字符个数 im_number = len(im_position[1]) # 切割字符 for i in range(im_number): im_start_X = im_position[1][i][0] - xoffset im_end_X = im_position[1][i][1] + xoffset im_start_Y = im_position[2][i][0] - yoffset im_end_Y = im_position[2][i][1] + yoffset cropped = im[im_start_Y:im_end_Y, im_start_X:im_end_X] cv2.imwrite(filename + '-cutting-' + str(i) + '.jpg',cropped) def main(): filedir = './easy_img' for file in os.listdir(filedir): if fnmatch(file, '*.jpeg'): img_name = file # 自适应阈值二值化 im = _get_dynamic_binary_image(filedir, img_name) # 去除边框 im = clear_border(im,img_name) # 对图片举行滋扰线降噪 im = interference_line(im,img_name) # 对图片举行点降噪 im = interference_point(im,img_name) # 切割的位置 im_position = CFS(im) maxL = max(im_position[0]) minL = min(im_position[0]) # 假如有粘连字符,假如一个字符的长度太长就认为是粘连字符,并从中心举行切割 if(maxL > minL + minL * 0.7): maxL_index = im_position[0].index(maxL) minL_index = im_position[0].index(minL) # 设置字符的宽度 im_position[0][maxL_index] = maxL // 2 im_position[0].insert(maxL_index + 1, maxL // 2) # 设置字符X轴[肇端,尽头]位置 im_position[1][maxL_index][1] = im_position[1][maxL_index][0] + maxL // 2 im_position[1].insert(maxL_index + 1, [im_position[1][maxL_index][1] + 1, im_position[1][maxL_index][1] + 1 + maxL // 2]) # 设置字符的Y轴[肇端,尽头]位置 im_position[2].insert(maxL_index + 1, im_position[2][maxL_index]) # 切割字符,要想切得好就得设置参数,一般 1 or 2 就能够 cutting_img(im,im_position,img_name,1,1) # 辨认验证码 cutting_img_num = 0 for file in os.listdir('./out_img'): str_img = '' if fnmatch(file, '%s-cutting-*.jpg' % img_name.split('.')[0]): cutting_img_num += 1 for i in range(cutting_img_num): try: file = './out_img/%s-cutting-%s.jpg' % (img_name.split('.')[0], i) # 辨认验证码 str_img = str_img + image_to_string(Image.open(file),lang = 'eng', config='-psm 10') #单个字符是10,一行文本是7 except Exception as err: pass print('切图:%s' % cutting_img_num) print('辨认为:%s' % str_img) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
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