现在主流的图象库有几下几种:
1. OpenCV 2. PIL(Pillow) 3. matplotlib.image 4. skimage 5. scipy.misc
结论:以上图片库中当属OpenCV最为壮大,成熟。
1.1 OpenCV 图象的读取与贮存
import cv2 #读取图象 直接是numpy矩阵花样 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg',1) # 0示意读入灰色图片,1示意读入彩色图片 cv2.imshow('image',img) # 显现图象 print(img.shape) # (height,width,channel) print(img.size) # 像素数目 print(img.dtype) # 数据范例 print(img) # 打印图象的numpy数组,3纬数组 #贮存图象 # 当前目次贮存 cv2.write(‘horse1.jpg',img) # 自定义贮存 cv2.write(‘/path_name/’ + str(image_name) + '.jpg',img) cv2.waitKey()
1.2OpenCV 图象灰化处置惩罚
import cv2 #要领一 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg',0) # 0示意读入灰色图片,或许运用cv2.IMREAD_GRATSCALE 替换0 cv2.imshow('gray image',img) #要领二 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg') gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) cv2.imshow('gray image',gray_img) print(gray_img.shape) # (height, width) print(gray_img.size) # 像素数目 print(gray_img) # 打印图象的numpy数组,2维 cv2.waitKey()
1.3 OpenCV 矩阵花样变更
Why?:OpenCV的矩阵花样 (height, width, channels) -->> 深度进修矩阵范例多是 (channels,height,width)
import cv2 import numpy as np img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg',1) cv2.imshow('image',img) # 矩阵花样的变更 print(img.shape) img = img.transpose(2,0,1) #变更函数 print(img.shape)
# 矩阵扩大 (batch_size, channels, height, width) 展望单张图片的操纵 # 加一列作为图片的个数 img = np.expand_dims(img, axis=0) #运用numpy函数 print(img.shape)
# 练习阶段构建batchdata_lst = [] loop: img = cv2.imread('xxx.jpg') data_lst.append(img) data_arr = np.array(data_lst)
1.4 OpenCV 图片归一化 (Data Normalization)
import cv2 # 为了削减盘算量,须要把像素值0-255转换到0-1之间 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg') img = img.astype('float') / 255.0 # 先转化数据范例为float print(img.dtype) print(img)
1.5 OpenCV BRG转换为RGB
import cv2 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg') img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # 转为RGB format print(img)
1.6 OpenCV 接见像素点
import cv2 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg') gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 转为Gray image print(img[4,4]) # 3 channels print(gray_img[4,4]) # 1 channel
1.7 OpenCV 感兴趣地区剪切(ROI)
import cv2 img = cv2.imread('horse.jpg') print(img.shape) roi = img[0:437,0:400] # [y:height,x:width] cv2.imshow('roi',roi) cv2.waitKey()
2.1 PIL 图象读取与贮存
from PIL import Image import numpy as np #图象读取 img = Image.open('horse.jpg') print(img.format) # 图片花样 print(img.size) # (width,height) print(img.mode) # 图片通道范例 #将图象转化为矩阵花样 arr = np.array(img) print(arr.shape) print(arr.dtype) #图象贮存 new_img = Image.fromarray(arr) new_img.save('test.jpg') img.show()
2.2 PIL 图象灰化处置惩罚
#图象灰化处置惩罚 gray = Image.open('horse.jpg').convert('L') gray_arr = np.array(gray) print(gray_arr.shape) # (height,width) print(gray_arr.dtype) print(gray_arr) gray.show()
2.3 PIL 感兴趣地区剪切
# 感兴趣地区剪切 img = Image.open('horse.jpg') roi = img.crop((0,0,200,200)) # (左上x,左上y,右下x,右下y) roi.show()
2.4 通道操纵
# 通道处置惩罚 r,g,b = img.split() #星散 img = Image.merge("RGB",(b,g,r)) #兼并 img = img.copy() #复制
3.1 Matplotlib 读取和存储图片
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # 图象读取为numpy数组花样 img = plt.imread('horse.jpg') plt.axis('off') # 封闭刻度显现 print(img.shape) # (height, width, channel) print(img.size) # 像素数目 print(img.dtype) #贮存图片 plt.savefig('./name.jpg') figure = plt.figure(figsize=(20,10)) # 调解显现图片的大小 plt.imshow(img) plt.show()
3.2 Matplotlib 图片灰化处置惩罚
#图片灰化处置惩罚 # 平均值发 img_mean = img.mean(axis=2) plt.imshow(img_mean,cmap='gray') plt.show() #最大值法 img_max = img.max(axis=-1) plt.imshow(img_max,cmap='gray') plt.show() #RGB三原色法 gravity = np.array([0.299,0.587,0.114]) img_gravity = np.dot(img,gravity) plt.imshow(img_gravity,cmap="gray") plt.show()
4.1 skimage 读取和贮存图象
from skimage import io #读取图象numpy数组花样 img = io.imread('horse.jpg') print(img.shape) print(img.dtype) print(img.size) #print(img) io.imshow(img) #贮存图象 io.imsave('test.jpg',img)
4.2 skimage 灰化处置惩罚
#图象灰化处置惩罚并归一化 img = io.imread('horse.jpg',as_gray=True) print(img.shape) print(img.dtype) # 数据范例位float print(img.size) print(img) io.imshow(img) io.show()
5.1 scipy.misc 读取和贮存图象
#在1.2.0 以后统一用imageio模块 import imageio import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #读取图片为numpy数组 img = imageio.imread('horse.jpg') print(img.dtype) print(img.size) # 像素数目 print(img.shape) #(height, width, channels) plt.imshow(img) plt.show() print(img) #贮存图片 imageio.imsave('test.jpg',img)
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